PIN ON BIRTHDAY BOARDS
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In ancient Greek religion, Athena was a goddess of war, handicraft, & practical reason. Essentially urban and civilized, Athena was probably a pre-Hellenic goddess later taken over by the Greeks. She was widely worshipped, but in modern times she is associated primarily with Athens, lớn which she gave her name and protection. The Romans identified her with Minerva.
Athena, the daughter of Zeus, was produced without a mother & emerged full-grown from his forehead. An alternative story was that Zeus swallowed Metis, the goddess of counsel, while she was pregnant with Athena so that Athena finally emerged from Zeus.
Athena is customarily portrayed wearing an aegis, toàn thân armor, và a helmet & carrying a shield and a lance.
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Athena is associated with birds, particularly the owl, which became famous as the symbol of the city of Athens.
In Homer’s Iliad, Athena, as a war goddess, inspires & fights alongside the Greek heroes; her aid is synonymous with military prowess. Representing the intellectual và civilized side of war, she is the divine size of the heroic, martial ideal và personifies excellence in close combat, victory, & glory.
Athena’s association with the acropolises of various Greek cities probably stemmed from the location of the kings’ palaces there. She was thought to have had neither consort nor offspring. She may not have been described as a virgin originally, but virginity was attributed to lớn her very early & was the basis for the interpretation of her epithets Pallas và Parthenos. As a war goddess Athena could not be dominated by other goddesses, such as Aphrodite, & as a palace goddess she could not be violated.
In Homer’s Iliad, Athena, as a war goddess, inspires & fights alongside the Greek heroes; her aid is synonymous with military prowess. Also in the Iliad, Zeus, the chief god, specifically assigns the sphere of war lớn Ares, the god of war, and Athena. Athena’s moral và military superiority to lớn Ares derives in part from the fact that she represents the intellectual và civilized side of war and the virtues of justice và skill, whereas Ares represents mere blood lust. Her superiority also derives in part from the vastly greater variety và importance of her functions and from the patriotism of Homer’s predecessors, Ares being of foreign origin. In the Iliad, Athena is the divine form of the heroic, martial ideal: she personifies excellence in close combat, victory, and glory. The qualities that lead to lớn victory are found on the aegis, or breastplate, that Athena wears when she goes lớn war: fear, strife, defense, and assault. Athena appears in Homer’s Odyssey as the tutelary deity of Odysseus, và myths from later sources portray her similarly as helper of Perseus & Heracles (Hercules). As the guardian of the welfare of kings, Athena became the goddess of good counsel, of prudent restraint and practical insight, as well as of war.
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Athena Parthenos
Athena was customarily portrayed wearing body toàn thân armour and a helmet và carrying a shield & a lance. Two Athenians, the sculptor Phidias & the playwright Aeschylus, contributed significantly to the cultural dissemination of Athena’s image. She inspired three of Phidias’s sculptural masterpieces, including the massive chryselephantine (gold & ivory) statue of Athena Parthenos once housed in the Parthenon; & in Aeschylus’s dramatic tragedy Eumenides she founded the Areopagus (Athens’s aristocratic council), and, by breaking a deadlock of the judges in favour of Orestes, the defendant, she set the precedent that a tied vote signified acquittal.
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